Immune Cell Analysis

TECHNOLOGY


Convergence Technology: Biotechnology, nanotechnology and information technology were combined to develop our innovative POCT device and instrument.

• Nanotechnology: We develop the Nano filter technology for leucocyte separation. Which is unique and more reliable technology. Recovery rate of leuco-separation is more than 95%. We focus our objective to maximize the recovery rate more than 90%. After so many failure finally, we succeeded to achieve the maximum rate of leucocyte recovery.


• CMOS: The safe and reliable technology for POCT device which has more advantage than CCD technology.


• Photometry: Our technology involves the innovative method of photometry over traditional method of cytometry. This technique provides better platform for rapid screening of immune cells analysis.

HIV/AIDS


• HIV/AIDS stands for Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.


• HIV target the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells. If, the HIV remain untreated, it reduces the total count of CD4 cells (T Cells) in the body making the person immunodeficient. Immune function is typically measured by CD4 cell count. Thus, person is more likely to get infections or infection related cancers. Gradually, HIV can destroy so many of immune cells and this immunodeficiency results in susceptibility to immense range of infections, cancers, and other disease that body can’t fight off with suppressed immune system. 


• If HIV left untreated, can lead to the disease AIDS. The development of certain cancers, infections, or other severe clinical manifestations define AIDS.  However, depending on the individual it can take 2 to 15 years to develop AIDS. The human body can’t get rid of HIV completely even if treated, unlike some other viruses. So, once you have HIV, it will be lifelong. However, today someone diagnosed with HIV and treated before the disease is far advanced can live nearly as long as someone who does not have HIV.


• Key facts

  • HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed more than 32 million lives so far. However, with increasing access to effective HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care, including for opportunistic infections, HIV infection has become a manageable chronic health condition, enabling people living with HIV to lead long and healthy lives.
  • There were approximately 37.9 million people living with HIV at the end of 2018.
  • As a result of concerted international efforts to respond to HIV, coverage of services has been steadily increasing. In 2018, 62% of adults and 54% of children living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries were receiving lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • A great majority (82%) of pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV also received ART, which not only protects their health, but also ensures prevention of HIV transmission to their newborns.
  • However, not everyone is able to access HIV testing, treatment and care. Notably, the 2018 Super-Fast-Track targets for reducing new pediatric HIV infections to 40 000 was not achieved. Global targets for 2020 are at risk of being missed unless rapid action is taken.
  • Due to gaps in HIV services, 770 000 people died from HIV-related causes in 2018 and 1.7 million people were newly infected.
  • In 2018, for the first time, individuals from key population groups and their sexual partners accounted for over half of all new HIV infections globally (an estimated 54%) in 2018. For eastern European, central Asian, Middle Eastern and north African regions, these groups accounted for around 95% of new HIV infections.
  • Key populations include: men who have sex with men; people who inject drugs; people in prisons and other closed settings; sex workers and their clients; and transgender people.
  • In addition, given their life circumstances, a range of other populations may be particularly vulnerable, and at increased risk of HIV infection, such as adolescent girls and young women in southern and eastern Africa and indigenous peoples in some communities.
  • Increased HIV vulnerability is often associated with legal and social factors, which increases exposure to risk situations and creates barriers to accessing effective, quality and affordable HIV prevention, testing and treatment services.
  • Over two thirds of all people living with HIV live in the WHO African Region (25.7 million). While HIV is prevalent among the general population in this region, an increasing number of new infections occur among key population groups.
  • HIV can be diagnosed through rapid diagnostic tests that can provide same-day results. This greatly facilitates diagnosis and linkage with treatment and care.
  • There is no cure for HIV infection. However, effective antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) can control the virus and help prevent onward transmission to other people.
  • At the end of 2018, an estimated 79% of people living with HIV knew their status. 62% were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 53% had achieved suppression of the HIV virus with no risk of infecting others.
  • In June 2019, 24.5 million people were accessing antiretroviral therapy.
  • Between 2000 and 2018, new HIV infections fell by 37% and HIV-related deaths fell by 45%, with 13.6 million lives saved due to ART. This achievement was the result of great efforts by national HIV programs supported by civil society and international development partners.


TUBERCULOSIS


• Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis which most often affects the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body.


• Tuberculosis is curable and preventable. It spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes. If you have been exposed, you should go to your doctor for tests. You are more likely to get TB if you have a weak immune system. A person needs to inhale only a few of these germs to become infected.•One-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with latent TB, which means people have been infected by TB bacteria but not (yet) ill with the disease and cannot transmit the disease. The infected people have 10% life time risk of falling ill. However, person with compromised immune system like people living with HIV, malnutrition or diabetes, or people who use tobacco, are likely to have high risk of falling ill.


• Once rare in developed countries, tuberculosis infections began increasing in 1985, partly because of the emergence of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. HIV weakens a person's immune system so it can't fight the TB germs. In the United States, because of stronger control programs, tuberculosis began to decrease again in 1993, but remains a concern.


• People with active tuberculosis must take several types of medications for many months to eradicate the infection and prevent development of antibiotic resistance. The symptoms of active TB (such as cough, fever, night sweats, or weight loss) may be mild for many months. This can lead to delays in seeking care, and subsequently transmitting the bacteria to others. Over a year, the active TB people can infect 10-15 other people with the close contact. Without appropriate treatment, on average 45% of HIV-negative people and nearly all HIV-positive people with TB will die. 


• Key facts

  • A total of 1.5 million people died from TB in 2018 (including 251 000 people with HIV). Worldwide, TB is one of the top 10 causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent (above HIV/AIDS).
  • In 2018, an estimated 10 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. 5.7 million men, 3.2 million women and 1.1 million children. There were cases in all countries and age groups. But TB is curable and preventable.
  • In 2018, 1.1 million children fell ill with TB globally, and there were 205 000 child deaths due to TB (including among children with HIV). Child and adolescent TB is often overlooked by health providers and can be difficult to diagnose and treat.
  • In 2018, the 30 high TB burden countries accounted for 87% of new TB cases. Eight countries account for two thirds of the total, with India leading the count, followed by, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa.
  • Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains a public health crisis and a health security threat. WHO estimates that there were 484 000 new cases with resistance to rifampicin – the most effective first-line drug, of which 78% had MDR-TB.
  • Globally, TB incidence is falling at about 2% per year. This needs to accelerate to a 4–5% annual decline to reach the 2020 milestones of the End TB Strategy.
  • An estimated 58 million lives were saved through TB diagnosis and treatment between 2000 and 2018.
  • Ending the TB epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets of the Sustainable Development Goals.


Immune Cell Based Diagnosis GBTsolTM ICA


We are developing a rapid and easy detection of Tuberculosis and monitoring of CD4 and CD8 for HIV/AIDS patients including infants with our newly developed method of separation of WBC (Leukocyte) through our patented technology.  

We are providing the multi-diagnostic platform for enumeration of CD markers which can be used for research purpose as well as diagnostic purposes.

Traditional method (Tuberculin Skin Test; TST) used to detect LTBI has drawbacks of low accuracy, and low rates of result returned. WHO recommended the interferon-gamma release assay (IRGA) for LTBI diagnosis since 2016. However, the detection for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) needs a long time (>24hrs.), high cost and experienced technicians because of its complicated process. Also, the diagnosis of CD4 and CD8 T-cells for HIV/AIDS requires expensive diagnostic instrument and expert technicians too. In case of CD4 counting the problem with the current technology available is that only 13% of existing CD4 capacity and only 36.5% of existing viral load capacity was being utilized across the globe. Lack of reagents, equipment not being installed or deployed, maintenance, and training requirement were among the reported for underutilization.


In underdeveloped countries, the complicated process of diagnosis along with the long processing time, economic problem, and tedious process of diagnosis, makes most the infected individual undiagnosed. It would be difficult to apply the current technologies to diagnose both TB and monitoring CD4 and CD8 of the HIV/AIDS patients.


Therefore, Glory Biotechnologies are determined to provide the solution for the current issues of HIV/AIDS people and TB infected patients. We achieved this through our technical advances using convergence technology.


  • Convergence Technology: Biotechnology, nanotechnology and information technology were combined to develop our innovative POCT device and instrument.
  • Nanotechnology: We develop our patented technology for leucocyte separation, which is unique and more reliable technology. Recovery rate of leuco-separation is more than 90%. After so many failures finally, we succeeded to achieve the maximum rate of leucocyte recovery.
  • CMOS: The safe and reliable technology for POCT device which has more advantage than CCD technology.
  • Photometry: Our technology involves the method of photometry over traditional method of cytometry. This technique provides better platform for rapid screening of immune cells analysis.

There are various application of our technology and some of them are listed below.

GBTsolTM ICA
Application
Future Application
HIV/AIDS Monitoring
(CD4 and CD8)
CAR-T Cell Monitoring
Tuberculosis Diagnosis
Leukemia Diagnosis
Sepsis Diagnosis
CD Marker Enumeration
CTC Separation and Enumeration